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Year |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1421 | - In Florence, hoisting gear invented.
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| 2 | 1422 | - Henry VI. Ruler of England 1422-1461. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461 by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower.
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| 3 | 1455 | - Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type.
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| 4 | 1461 | - Edward IV. Ruler of England 1461-1483. House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York.
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| 5 | 1465 | - In Germany, drypoint engravings invented.
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| 6 | 1475 | - Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany.
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| 7 | 1483 | - Edward V. Ruler of England 4/9/1483-6/25/1483. House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
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| 8 | 1485 | - Henry VII Gaunt. Ruler of England 1485-1508. House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through his mother, Mary Beaufort, via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York.
- Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute.
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| 9 | 1486 | - In Venice, the first known copyright granted.
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| 10 | 1487 | |
| 11 | 1492 | - Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines.
- Martin Behaim invented the first map globe.
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| 12 | 1494 | - Whiskey invented in Scotland.
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| 13 | 1500 | - The first flush toilets appeared.
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| 14 | 1509 | - Henry VIII. Ruler of England 1509-1547. House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.
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| 15 | 1510 | - Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel.
- Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein.
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| 16 | 1513 | - Urs Graf invents etching.
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| 17 | 1547 | - Edward VI. Ruler of England 1547-1553. House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents. Was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor. Council of State proclaimed her queen July 10, 1553. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553. Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason, Feb 1554.
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| 18 | 1553 | - Mary I. Ruler of England 1553-1558. House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon.
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| 19 | 1558 | - Elizabeth I. Ruler of England 1558-1603. House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn.
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| 20 | 1568 | - Bottled beer invented in London.
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| 21 | 1569 | - Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection.
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| 22 | 1589 | - Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine.
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| 23 | 1590 | - Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope.
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| 24 | 1593 | - Galileo invents a water thermometer.
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| 25 | 1603 | - James I. Ruler of England 1603-1625. House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.
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| 26 | 1608 | - Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope.
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| 27 | 1620 | - The earliest human-powered submarine invented.
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| 28 | 1624 | - William Oughtred invents a slide ruler.
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| 29 | 1625 | - Charles I. Ruler of England 1625-1649. House of Stuart: Only surviving son of James I; beheaded Jan 30, 1649.
- Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion.
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| 30 | 1629 | - Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine.
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| 31 | 1636 | - W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer.
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| 32 | 1642 | - Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine.
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| 33 | 1643 | - Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer.
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| 34 | 1649 | - Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1649-1658. Commonwealth & Protectorate.
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| 35 | 1650 | - Otto von Guericke invents a air pump.
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| 36 | 1656 | - Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock.
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| 37 | 1658 | - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1658-1659. Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver. Resigned May 25, 1659.
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| 38 | 1660 | - Charles II. Ruler of England 1660-1685. House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649.
- Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region.
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| 39 | 1663 | - James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope.
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| 40 | 1668 | - Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope.
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| 41 | 1670 | - Dom Pérignon invents Champagne.
- The first reference to a candy cane is made.
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| 42 | 1671 | - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine.
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| 43 | 1675 | - Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch.
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| 44 | 1676 | - Robert Hooke invents the universal joint.
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| 45 | 1679 | - Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker.
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| 46 | 1685 | - James II. Ruler of England 1685-1689. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.
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| 47 | 1689 | - William III and Mary II. Rulers of England 1689-1702. House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
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| 48 | 1698 | - Englishman, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump.
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| 49 | 1701 | - Jethro Tull invents the seed drill.
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| 50 | 1702 | - Anne. Ruler of England 1702-1714. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs.
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| 51 | 1709 | - Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano.
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| 52 | 1711 | - Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork.
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| 53 | 1712 | - Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine.
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| 54 | 1714 | - George I. Ruler of England 1714-1727. House of Hanover: Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sohia, grand-daughter of James I. Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement.
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| 55 | 1717 | - Edmond Halley invents the diving bell.
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| 56 | 1722 | - French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher.
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| 57 | 1724 | - Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer.
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| 58 | 1727 | - George II. Ruler of England 1727-1760. House of Hanover: Only son of George I, married Caroline of Brandenburg.
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| 59 | 1733 | - John Kay invents the flying shuttle.
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