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1 - 1881

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Timeline

377

753

1129

1505

1881

> 1 - Birth: Between 1 and 19 Nov 1876

> 1881 - Died: 5 Aug 1881

	Year	Event(s)
1	1016	Ruler of England 1016-1017: Edmund II Ironside. Saxon: Eldest son of Ethelred II, King of London.
2	1017	Ruler of England 1017-1035: Canute the Dane. Dane: By conquest and election. Gave Wessex to Edmund, married Emma.
3	1023	First paper money printed in China.
4	1036	Ruler of England 1036-1040: Harald I, Harefoot. Dane: Natural son of Canute.
5	1040	Ruler of England 1040-1042: Hardecanute. Dane: Son of Canute by Emma, Danish King.
6	1042	Ruler of England 1042-1066: Edward the Confessor. Saxon: Son of Ethelred II (Canonized 1161).
7	1045	Movable type printing by Bi Sheng in China.
8	1050	Crossbow invented in France.
9	1066	Ruler of England 1066: Harold II. Saxon: Edward's brother-in-law, last Saxon King. Ruler of England 12/25/1066-9/9/1087: William I the Conqueror. Norman: Second cousin to Edward the Confessor, by conquest. Defeated Harold at Hastings.
10	1087	Ruler of England 9/26/1087-8/2/1100: William II (Rufus). Norman: 3rd son of William I, accidentally killed by arrow while hunting.
11	1100	Henry I Beauclerc. Ruler of England 8/5/1100-12/1/1135: Norman: Youngest son of Wiliam I.
12	1135	Stephen. Ruler of England 12/22/1135-10/25/1154. Norman: Son of Adela,daugher of William I, and Count of Blois.
13	1154	Henry II. Ruler of England 12/19/1154-7/6/1189. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Godfrey Plantagenet (Angevin) by Matilda, daughter of Henry I.
14	1182	Magnetic compass invented.
15	1189	Richard I the Lionhearted. Ruler of England 1189-1199. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader. John Lackland. Ruler of England 5/27/1189-10/19/1216. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Youngest son of Henry II, signed Magna Carta 1215.
16	1200	Clothing buttons invented.
17	1202	The Hindu-Arabic numbering system introduced to the west by Italian mathematician Fibonacci.
18	1216	Henry III. Ruler of England 10/28/1216-11/16/1272. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded at 9, under regency until 1227.
19	1249	Rodger Bacon invented his gunpowder formula.
20	1250	Gun invented in China.
21	1269	Invention of eyeglasses.
22	1272	Edward I Longshanks. Ruler of England 1272-1307. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III.
23	1280	Mechanical clocks invented.
24	1290	Windmills invented.
25	1295	Modern glassmaking begins in Italy.
26	1307	Edward II. Ruler of England 1307-1327. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I, deposed by Parliament 1327.
27	1326	First mention of a handgun.
28	1327	Edward III of Windsor. Ruler of England 1327-1377. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II.
29	1328	First sawmill.
30	1366	Scales for weighing invented.
31	1377	Richard II. Ruler of England 1377-1399. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of the Black Prince, grandson of Edward III, minor until 1389, deposed 1399 by Parliament.
32	1399	Henry IV. Ruler of England 1399-1413. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen byParliment as successor to Richard II.
33	1400	The first piano called the Spinet invented. First golf balls invented.
34	1411	Trigger invented.
35	1413	Henry V. Ruler of England 1413-1422. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV, victor of Agincourt.
36	1420	Oil painting invented.
37	1421	In Florence, hoisting gear invented.
38	1422	Henry VI. Ruler of England 1422-1461. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V, deposed 1461 by Edward IV (Duke of York) after defeat of Lancastrians at Mortimer's Cross on Feb 2, 1461. Died in Tower.
39	1455	Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press with metal movable type.
40	1461	Edward IV. Ruler of England 1461-1483. House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York.
41	1465	In Germany, drypoint engravings invented.
42	1475	Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany.
43	1483	Edward V. Ruler of England 4/9/1483-6/25/1483. House of York: Eldest son of Edward IV, murdered in Tower of London.
44	1485	Henry VII Gaunt. Ruler of England 1485-1508. House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through his mother, Mary Beaufort, via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York. Leonardo DaVinci designed the first parachute.
45	1486	In Venice, the first known copyright granted.
46	1487	Bell chimes invented.
47	1492	Leonardo da Vinci first to seriously theorize about flying machines. Martin Behaim invented the first map globe.
48	1494	Whiskey invented in Scotland.
49	1500	The first flush toilets appeared.
50	1509	Henry VIII. Ruler of England 1509-1547. House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV.
51	1510	Leonardo da Vinci designs a horizontal water wheel. Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein.
52	1513	Urs Graf invents etching.
53	1547	Edward VI. Ruler of England 1547-1553. House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents. Was forced to name Lady Jane Grey his successor. Council of State proclaimed her queen July 10, 1553. Mary Tudor won Council, was proclaimed queen July 19, 1553. Mary had Lady Jane Grey beheaded for treason, Feb 1554.
54	1553	Mary I. Ruler of England 1553-1558. House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Catherine of Aragon.
55	1558	Elizabeth I. Ruler of England 1558-1603. House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn.
56	1568	Bottled beer invented in London.
57	1569	Gerard Mercator invents Mercator map projection.
58	1589	Englishmen, William Lee invents the knitting machine.
59	1590	Dutchmen, Zacharias Janssen invents the compound microscope.
60	1593	Galileo invents a water thermometer.
61	1603	James I. Ruler of England 1603-1625. House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, granddaughter of James IV and Margaret. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union, 1707.
62	1608	Hans Lippershey invents the first refracting telescope.
63	1620	The earliest human-powered submarine invented.
64	1624	William Oughtred invents a slide ruler.
65	1625	Charles I. Ruler of England 1625-1649. House of Stuart: Only surviving son of James I; beheaded Jan 30, 1649. Frenchmen, Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion.
66	1629	Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine.
67	1636	W. Gascoigne invents the micrometer.
68	1642	Frenchmen, Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine.
69	1643	Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer.
70	1649	Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1649-1658. Commonwealth & Protectorate.
71	1650	Otto von Guericke invents a air pump.
72	1656	Christian Huygens invents a pendulum clock.
73	1658	Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England 1658-1659. Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver. Resigned May 25, 1659.
74	1660	Charles II. Ruler of England 1660-1685. House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from Jan 30, 1649. Cuckoo clocks made in Furtwangen, Germany, in the Black Forest region.
75	1663	James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope.
76	1668	Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope.
77	1670	Dom Pérignon invents Champagne. The first reference to a candy cane is made.
78	1671	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine.
79	1675	Christian Huygens patents the pocket watch.
80	1676	Robert Hooke invents the universal joint.
81	1679	Denis Papin invents the pressure cooker.
82	1685	James II. Ruler of England 1685-1689. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.
83	1689	William III and Mary II. Rulers of England 1689-1702. House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
84	1698	Englishman, Thomas Savery invents a steam pump.
85	1701	Jethro Tull invents the seed drill.
86	1702	Anne. Ruler of England 1702-1714. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs.
87	1709	Bartolomeo Cristofori invents the piano.
88	1711	Englishmen, John Shore invents the tuning fork.
89	1712	Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine.
90	1714	George I. Ruler of England 1714-1727. House of Hanover: Son of Elector of Hanover, by Sohia, grand-daughter of James I. Proclaimed King under Act of Settlement.
91	1717	Edmond Halley invents the diving bell.
92	1722	French C. Hopffer patents the fire extinguisher.
93	1724	Gabriel Fahrenheit invents the first mercury thermometer.
94	1727	George II. Ruler of England 1727-1760. House of Hanover: Only son of George I, married Caroline of Brandenburg.
95	1733	John Kay invents the flying shuttle.
96	1745	E.G. von Kleist invents the leyden jar, the first electrical capacitor.
97	1752	Benjamin Franklin invents the lightening rod.
98	1755	Samuel Johnson publishes the first English language dictionary.
99	1757	John Campbell invents the sextant.
100	1758	Dolland invents a chromatic lens.
101	1760	George III. Ruler of England 1760-1820. House of Hanover: Grandson of George II, married Charlotte of Mecklenburg.
102	1761	Englishmen, John Harrison invents the navigational clock or marine chronometer for measuring longitude.
103	1764	James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny.
104	1767	Joseph Priestley invents carbonated water - soda water.
105	1768	Richard Arkwright patents the spinning frame.
106	1769	James Watt invents an improved steam engine.
107	1774	Georges Louis Lesage patents the electric telegraph.
108	1775	Alexander Cummings invents the flush toilet. Jacques Perrier invents a steamship.
109	1776	July 4, 1776 -- Declaration of Independence David Bushnell invents a submarine.
110	1779	Samuel Crompton invents the spinning mule.
111	1780	Benjamin Franklin invents bi-focal eyeglasses. Gervinus invents the circular saw.
112	1783	Englishmen, Henry Cort invents the steel roller for steel production. Louis Sebastien demonstrates the first parachute. Joseph Michel Montgolfier and Jacques Etienne Montgolfier invent the hot-air balloon. Benjamin Hanks patents the self-winding clock.
113	1784	Andrew Meikle invents the threshing machine. Joseph Bramah invents the safety lock.
114	1785	Charles Augustus Coulomb invents the torsion balance. Blanchard invents a working parachute. Edmund Cartwright invents the power loom. Claude Berthollet invents chemical bleaching.
115	1786	John Fitch invents a steamboat.
116	1789	George Washington first president of the United States 1789-1797. The guillotine is invented.
117	1790	The United States issued its first patent to William Pollard of Philadelphia for a machine that roves and spins cotton.
118	1791	John Barber invents the gas turbine. Early bicycles invented in Scotland.
119	1792	William Murdoch invents gas lighting. The first ambulance.
120	1794	Eli Whitney patents the cotton gin. Welshmen, Philip Vaughan invents ball bearings.
121	1795	Francois Appert invents the preserving jar for food.
122	1796	Edward Jenner creates a smallpox vaccination.
123	1797	John Adams president of the USA 1797-1801. A British inventor, Henry Maudslay invents the first metal or precision lathe. Wittemore patents a carding machine.
124	1798	Aloys Senefelder invents lithography. The first soft drink invented.
125	1799	Alessandro Volta invents the battery. Louis Robert invents the Fourdrinier Machine for sheet paper making.
126	1800	Frenchmen, J.M. Jacquard invents the Jacquard Loom.
127	1801	Thomas Jefferson president of the USA 1801-1809.
128	1804	Richard Trevithick, an English mining engineer, developed the first steam-powered locomotive. Freidrich Winzer (Winsor) was the first person to patent gas lighting.
129	1806	A total eclipse of the sun occurred June 1*, 1806. It happened in the forenoon the great obscuration being between eleven and twelve o’clock, when everything had the appearance of night. The fowls hastened to their roosts; the chill of evening came on; and the stars were visible.
130	1809	James Madison president of the USA 1809-1817. Humphry Davy invents the first electric light - the first arc lamp.
131	1810	May 1810 - Cuyahoga County organized. German, Frederick Koenig invents an improved printing press. Peter Durand invents the tin can.
132	1811	25 Jan 1811 - Western boundary of Cuyahoga County defined.
133	1812	26 Jun 1812 - Hanging of the Indian 'Omic' in Cleveland. 18 Jun 1812 - War declared by the United States against the King of Great Britain. The war known as 'The War of 1812'.
134	1814	George Stephenson designs a steam locomotive. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was the first person to take a photograph. German, Joseph von Fraunhofer invents the spectrocope for the chemical analysis of glowing objects. The first plastic surgery is performed in England.
135	1815	23 Sep 1815 - Great September Gale of 1815. The hurricane struck with an 11 foot storm surge to Providence, Rhode Island. New London, Connecticut was also in the path of this great storm, as was Massachusetts and much of New England. Humphry Davy invents the miner's lamp.
136	1816	1816 was characterized as the year without any summer and frosts occurred during every month of the year.
137	1817	James Monroe president of the USA 1817-1825.
138	1819	René Laënnec invents the stethoscope. Samuel Fahnestock patents a "soda fountain."
139	1820	George IV. Ruler of England 1820-1830. House of Hanover: Eldest son of George III, Prince Regent, from Feb 1811.
140	1823	Mackintosh (raincoat) invented by Charles Mackintosh of Scotland.
141	1824	Professor Michael Faraday invents the first toy balloon. Englishmen, Joseph Aspdin patents Portland cement, the modern building material.
142	1825	This year marks the start of construction on the Ohio and Erie Canal. John Quincy Adams president of the USA 1825-1829. William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet.
143	1827	Charles Wheatstone invents the microphone. John Walker invents the modern matches.
144	1829	Andrew Jackson president of the USA 1829-1837. William Austin Burt patents a typographer, a predecessor to the typewriter. Frenchmen, Louis Braille invents braille printing. American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter.
145	1830	William IV. Ruler of England 1830-1837. House of Hanover: 3rd son of George III, married Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. Frenchmen, B. Thimonnier invents a sewing machine.
146	1831	American, Cyrus H. McCormick invents the first commercially successful reaper.
147	1832	Cholera epidemic claims 50 or more lives in Cleveland, Ohio. Englishmen, Louis Braille invents the stereoscope.
148	1833	12 Nov 1833 - 'Night the Stars Fell.' Great Leonid meteor shower seen across most of the U.S. So many meteors fell that the sky appeared to be on fire and in the middle of the night it was not dark. - Cleveland Water Company organized by Philo Scovill and several associates.
149	1834	Jacob Perkins invents an early refrigerator (really an ether ice machine). Henry Blair patents a corn planter, he is the second black person to receive a U.S. patent.
150	1835	Englishmen, Francis Pettit Smith invents the propeller. Englishmen, Henry F. Talbot invents Calotype photography. Solymon Merrick patents the wrench. Charles Babbage invents a mechanical calculator.
151	1836	"Bridge War" between residents of Ohio City and Cleveland. Samuel Colt invented the first revolver.
152	1837	Martin van Buren president of the USA 1837-1841. Victoria. Ruler of England 1837-1901. House of Hanover: Daughter of Edward, 4th son of George III; married (1840) Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who became Prince Consort. Samuel Morse invents the telegraph. English schoolmaster, Rowland Hill invents the postage stamp.
153	1838	Samual Morse invents Morse Code.
154	1839	Frenchmen, Louis Daguerre and J.N. Niepce co-invent Daguerreotype photography. Kirkpatrick Macmillan invents a bicycle. American, Charles Goodyear invents rubber vulcanization. Welshmen, Sir William Robert Grove conceives of the first hydrogen fuel cell. American, Thaddeus Fairbanks invents platform scales.
155	1840	Englishmen, John Herschel invents the blueprint.
156	1841	William H. Harrison president of the USA. William Henry Harrison succumbed to pneumonia 1841. John Tyler president of the USA 1841-1845. John Tyler the first vice president to succeed to the presidency due to death of a president. Samuel Slocum patents the stapler.
157	1842	Paving the streets of Cleveland, Ohio commences by laying down planks on the roads. Joseph Dart builds the first grain elevator.
158	1843	Alexander Bain of Scotland, invents the facsimile.
159	1844	Englishmen, John Mercer invents mercerized cotton.
160	1845	James Polk president of the USA 1845-1849. American, Elias Howe invents a sewing machine. Robert William Thomson patents the first vulcanised rubber pneumatic tire.
161	1846	Dr. William Morton, a Massachusetts dentist, is the first to use anesthesia for tooth extraction.
162	1847	Telegraph line installed between Pittsburgh and Cleveland. Hungarian, Ignaz Semmelweis invents antisceptics.
163	1849	Street lights are installed in Cleveland. Zachary Taylor president of the USA 1849-1850. Zachary Taylor died while in office. Walter Hunt invents the safety pin.
164	1850	Millard Fillmore president of the USA 1850-1853. Millard Fillmore, vice president under Zachary Taylor, sworn in as president after Taylor's death. Joel Houghton was granted the first dishwasher patent.
165	1851	Isaac Singer invents a sewing machine.
166	1853	Franklin Pierce president of the USA 1853-1857.
167	1854	John Tyndall demonstrates the principles of fiber optics.
168	1855	Isaac Singer patents the sewing machine motor.
169	1856	Cleveland water system goes into operation. Louis Pasteur invents pasteurisation.
170	1857	James Buchanan president of the USA 1857-1861. George Pullman invents the Pullman Sleeping Car for train travel.
171	1858	First sewers in Cleveland. (Where did everything go prior to this?) Jean Lenoir invents an internal combustion engine. Hamilton Smith patents the rotary washing machine.
172	1861	USA Civil War begins. Abraham Lincoln president of the USA 1861-1865. Elisha Otis patents elevator safety brakes, creating a safer elevator. Linus Yale invents the Yale lock or cylinder lock.
173	1862	Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic. Dr. Richard Gatling patents the machine gun.
174	1863	Cleveland starts home delivery of mail.
175	1865	Abraham Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth on 14 Apr 1865 and dies the next day. Andrew Johnson president of the USA 1865-1869. Andrew Johnson, vice president under Abraham Lincoln, sworn in as president upon Lincoln's death.
176	1866	Englishmen Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo. J. Osterhoudt patents the tin can with a key opener. Alfred Nobel invents dynamite.
177	1867	Christopher Scholes invents the first practical and modern typewriter.
178	1868	J P Knight invents traffic lights. George Westinghouse invents air brakes. Robert Mushet invents tungsten steel.
179	1869	Ulysses Grant president of the USA 1869-1877.
180	1872	A.M. Ward issues the first mail-order catalog. J.S. Risdon patents the metal windmill.
181	1873	Joseph Glidden invents barbed wire.
182	1874	American, C. Goodyear, Jr. invents the shoe welt stitcher.
183	1876	Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine. Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone. Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper.
184	1877	Thomas Edison invents the cylinder phonograph or tin foil phonograph. Eadweard Muybridge invents the first moving pictures. Rutherford Hayes president of the USA 1877-1881.
185	1878	Sir Joseph Wilson Swan was the first person to invent a practical and longer-lasting electic lightbulb.
186	1880	Englishmen, John Milne invents the modern seismograph. The British Perforated Paper Company invents a form of toilet paper.
187	1881	David Houston patents the roll film for cameras. Alexander Graham Bell invents the first crude metal detector. Edward Leveaux patents the automatic player piano. James Garfield president of the USA 1881. James Garfield wounded by assassin's bullet on 3 Jul 1881 and dies 19 Sep 1881. Chester A. Arthur president of the USA 1881-1885. Chester A. Arthur, vice president under James Garfield, sworn in as president upon the death of Garfield.

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